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'A wonderful introduction the Japanese tradition of jisei, this volume is crammed with exquisite, spontaneous verse and pithy, often hilarious, descriptions of the eccentric and committed monastics who wrote the poems.' — Tricycle: The Buddhist ReviewAlthough the consciousness of death is, in most cultures, very much a part of life, this is perhaps nowhere more true than in Japan, where the approach of death has given rise to a centuries-old tradition of writing jisei, or the 'death poem.' Such a poem is often written in the very last moments of the poet's life.Hundreds of Japanese death poems, many with a commentary describing the circumstances of the poet's death, have been translated into English here, the vast majority of them for the first time. Yoel Hoffmann explores the attitudes and customs surrounding death in historical and present-day Japan and gives examples of how these have been reflected in the nation's literature in general. The development of writing jisei is then examined—from the longing poems of the early nobility and the more 'masculine' verses of the samurai to the satirical death poems of later centuries.Zen Buddhist ideas about death are also described as a preface to the collection of Chinese death poems by Zen monks that are also included.
Finally, the last section contains three hundred twenty haiku, some of which have never been assembled before, in English translation and romanized in Japanese.
Contents.Overview The Theragatha consists of 264 poems, organized into 21 chapters. Chapters are based on the number of verses in the poem, but beyond chapter 16 the chapter headings are only a rough guide. Various figures for the number of total verses in the collection are given- the oral tradition claimed 1360, 1294 are mentioned in summaries within the text, but a plain count of the verses gives a number of 1279. This may be because different versions of the Theragatha were combined to produce the current version of the text.While most of the verses are spoken by the monk to whom they are attributed, some seem to have become associated with them in other ways- some verses are addressed to the monk the poem is named for, and a collection of verses associated with contains a mix of verses recited by or to Ananda on various occasions. Several verses in the Theragatha appear elsewhere in the canon, attributed to the same monks.Most of the monks in the Theragatha lived during the time of the Buddha, but the collection seems to have continued to grow until at least the. The omission of similar verses that were included in the suggests that while chapters continued to be added to the Theragatha for a period of 300 years or so, the collection was ultimately closed and put in a final form.A variety of early and late poetic meters are employed, and suggests that the inclusion of miracle stories and congregations of gods are indicative of later additions.
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Some of the verses in the collection seem to mirror contemporary secular poetry of their time, with romantic lyrics replaced with religious imagery.Notable texts from the Theragatha include the eighth poem of chapter sixteen, consisting of verses recited by the reformed killer, and the third poem of chapter seventeen, in which the Buddha's cousin and retainer mourns the passing of his master. Many of the verses of the Theragatha concern the attempts of monks to overcome the temptations of.Related Works A single commentary attributed to covers both the Theragatha and Therigatha. In one case, a poem appears to have been split with verses attributed to a monk appearing in the Theragatha, and verses attributed to his mother placed in the Therigatha.Fragments of a version of the Theragatha preserved by the tradition, known as the Sthaviragatha, were discovered in and published in 1961. Translations.
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Buddhist Priests
Psalms of the Brethren, tr C. Rhys Davids, 1913; reprinted in Psalms of the Early Buddhists, Bristol. Elders' Verses, volume I, tr, 1969, Pali Text Society, Bristol; the PTS's preferred translation; also available in paperback as Poems of Early Buddhist Monks, without the translator's notes ( )., translated by and Jessica Walton, 2019, SuttaCentral.External links. at SuttaCentralReferences.